تغییر اقلیم و گرده افشان ها

نوع مقاله : علمی- ترویجی

چکیده

 
نویسنده: Dharam P. Abrol
فصل پانزدهم از کتاب: Pollination Biology
خدیجه مداحی
دانشجوی دکتری گیاهپزشکی- حشره­شناسی کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان
Kh.madahi@yahoo.com
 
 
 
چکیده:
این فصل توصیف می­کند که چگونه تغییر شرایط اقلیمی شدید­ترین تهدید بالقوه در تنوع زیستی گرده­افشان­ها به شمار می­رود. شواهد فزاینده­ای نشان می­دهد که تاکنون پاسخ­های زیستی در برابر تغییراقلیمی به نسبت ناچیز ارایه شده دراین قرن، رخ داده است. گرده افشان­هایی مثل پرندگان، زنبورها، پروانه­ها، شب­ پره­ها، مگس­ها، سخت بالپوشان، خفاش­ها و حتی پشه­ها برای تولید غذا ضروری هستند زیرا باعث انتقال گرده بین گیاهان بذری و تاثیر 35 درصدی در تولید محصولات کشاورزی جهان می شوند. گرده­افشان­ها ضمن خدمت اساسی به انسان­ها، در حفظ سایر خدمات اکوسیستم مثل تضمین تنوع زیستی و کمک به طبیعت در تنظیم تهدیدهای خارجی مانند تغییر اقلیمی نیز نقش کلیدی دارند. بحران گرده­افشانی که در کاهش زنبورهای عسل و زنبورهای بومی جهان مشهود است از اختلال در تعادل اساسی بین دو موجود دارای برهمکنش دو جانبه ناشی شده است. به طور گسترده انتظار می رود که تغییر اقلیمی ناشی ازفعالیت انسانی با اختلال در بقا و تولیدمثل افراد، کاهش میزان یا دسترسی به زیستگاه­ مناسب یا حذف سایر گونه­های مورد نیاز برای گونه مورد بررسی، منجر به انقراض گونه­ها شود. اختلال بالقوه موجود در برهمکنش دو جانبه فراگیر در زیستگاه­های خاکی بین گیاهان و گرده­افشان­های جانوری آن­ها، از طریق تغییر اقلیم در معرض خطر است.

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